講座題目：人工智能的歷史(History of Artificial Intelligence)

　　報 告 人：DOUGLAS O'SHAUGHNESSY

　　                   （加拿大蒙特利爾國立科學研究院(INRS)的教授；IEEE Fellow，ASA Fellow）

　　時　 間：2018年11月12日(周四)9:30

　　地　 點：中關村校區信息科學實驗樓205

　　主辦單位：研究生院、信息與電子學院

【主講人簡介】

　　Douglas O'Shaughnessy于1976年獲得美國麻省理工學院(MIT)博士學位。現任加拿大蒙特利爾國立科學研究院(INRS)的教授，也是加拿大麥吉爾大學的兼職教授。他是《語音通信:人與機器》一書的作者。2003年，他與L.鄧合著了《語音處理:一種動態和優化導向的方法》(Marcel Dekker)。他的研究興趣包括語音處理的各個方面，最近主要集中在語音自動識別方面。O'Shaughnessy教授是美國聲學學會會士。他在美國聲學學會期刊擔任了12年的副編輯，也是歐洲音訊、演講和音樂處理雜志的創始主編。他現在是國際語音通信協會(ISCA)副主席和IEEE信號處理協會(SPS)語音和語言技術委員會主席。他還曾擔任IEEE語音和音頻處理交易的副編輯、SPS理事會理事，現在是IEEE技術活動委員會(TAB)期刊委員會成員。他在1996年、2001年和2009年的國際聲學、語音和信號處理會議(ICASSP)和2003年國際通信會議(ICC)上就語音識別做了大會專題報告。

Douglas O'Shaughnessy (Fellow, IEEE) received the Ph.D. degree from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA, in 1976.He has been a Professor at the Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS), Montreal, QC, Canada and an Adjunct Professor at McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada, since 1977. He is the author of the textbook Speech Communications: Human and Machine (Reading, MA, USA: Addison-Wesley, 1986; revised Piscataway, NJ, USA: IEEE Press, 2000). In 2003, with L. Deng, he coauthored the book Speech Processing: A Dynamic and Optimization-Oriented Approach (Marcel Dekker). His research interests include all aspects of speech processing, focusing recently on automatic speech recognition. Prof. O'Shaughnessy is a Fellow of the Acoustical Society of America. He served 12 years as an Associate Editor for the Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, and is the founding Editor-in-Chief of the EURASIP Journal on Audio, Speech, and Music Processing. He is now the Vice-President of the International Speech Communication Association (ISCA) and Chair of the IEEE Signal Processing Society's (SPS's) Speech and Language Technical Committee. He has served also as an Associate Editor for the IEEE Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing, on the SPS Board of Governors, and now on the IEEE Technical Activities Board (TAB) Periodicals Committee. He has presented tutorials on speech recognition at the 1996, 2001, and 2009 International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP) and the 2003 International Conference on Communications (ICC).

【講座摘要】

　　人工智能（AI）涉及推理、知識、自然語言處理、人工感知和控制對象的能力。在20世紀50年代，最早的應用程序模擬玩游戲（如跳棋）和解決代數文字問題。20世紀60年代出現了心理治療師（Eliza）的程序模擬。1980年之前，人工智能通過專家系統獲得了商業上的成功。專家系統是模擬人類專家的知識和分析技能的程序，例如能夠理解和說出合成語音的機器。到2000年，人工智能在物流、數據挖掘、醫療診斷等領域得到了廣泛應用。更快的計算速度、算法改進以及對海量數據的訪問，使得人工智能取得了重大進展。例如，1997年IBM的深藍電腦國際象棋系統擊敗了當時的國際象棋世界冠軍；2011年，在Jeopardy！智力競賽節目上，IBM的沃森系統擊敗了兩位Jeopardy！高手；2016年，AlphaGo擊敗了一位重要的圍棋世界冠軍。

Artificial intelligence (AI) involves reasoning, knowledge, learning, natural language processing, artificial perception, and the ability to control objects.  In the 1950s, the earliest applications simulated playing games (e.g., checkers) and solving word problems in algebra.  The 1960s saw simulations of a psychotherapist (Eliza). Before 1980, AI had commercial success via expert systems, programs that simulated the knowledge and analytical skills of human experts, e.g., machines that could understand and utter synthetic speech.  By 2000, AI had found great use in logistics, data mining, medical diagnosis and many other areas. Faster computers, improvements in algorithms, and access to huge amounts of data had enabled major AI advances.  As one example, IBM’s Deep Blue computer chess-playing system beat a reigning world chess champion in 1997. By 2011, in a Jeopardy! quiz show exhibition match, IBM's Watson system defeated two Jeopardy! masters. In 2016, AlphaGo bested a major Go champion.